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The reproductive allocation (RA) of Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A. Mey.) Bunge was studied in different edaphic types of the Gurbantunggut desert. Results showed that the RA had significant hierarchical variation. Both RA and reproductive output (RO) were size-dependent, and relationships between aboveground total biomass and RA/RO were represented by linear or exponential equations. The RA in loam increased with aboveground total biomass increased. However, the RA showed a faint decrease in gravel soil and significant decrease in sandy soil with aboveground total biomass increased. Then, the stability of the population was analyzed in three edaphic types.