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During surveys for freshwater hyphomycetes on submerged plant debris in Brazil, six rare species were collected: Brachydesmiella anthostomelloidea, Camposporidium cristatum, Dactylaria hyalotunicata, Lauriomyces sakaeratensis, Pleurophragmium malaysianum and Pyricularia rabaulensis. Descriptions, illustrations and comments are given for these species. Additionally, 37 new records for Western hemisphere, Neotropics, South America, Brazil and Bahia State are listed. These results contribute to knowledge about the geographic distribution of freshwater hyphomycetes and reflect the lack of studies of these fungi in tropical regions.