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A yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated RCML-52(T), was isolated from an abandoned gold mine in the desert in Xinjiang, China. Strain RCML-52(T) was Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain RCML-52(T) was affiliated with the genus Lysobacter. Strain RCML-52(T) exhibited < 95.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of all species of the genus Lysobacter. The major fatty acids were iso-C-16:0 (27.6%), iso-C-15:0 (19.1%), iso-C-17:1 omega 9c (16.4%), iso-C-11:0 3-OH (6.5%) and iso-C-11:0 (5.3%). The DNA G+C content was 69.7 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain RCML-52(T) should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter xinjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RCML-52(T) (=CCTCC AB 208194(T) =KCTC 22558(T)).