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The caste developmental system of the Neotropical termite Constrictotermes cyphergaster was investigated in 12 natural colonies from the semi-arid Caatinga region of northeastern Brazil. Twelve measurements were taken of different body parts of the larvae, workers, presoldiers, soldiers, nymphs, and alates for morphometric analyses, and principal component analyses (PCA) were performed based on these parameters. The nymphal line comprised one larval instar, followed by five nymphal instars, and alates, in agreement with the developmental pattern described for Termitidae species. The apterous line included two larval instars, followed by workers, presoldiers, and soldiers. Both workers and soldiers were found to be monomorphic and composed only of male specimens, with only one instar phase each. C. cyphergaster, like most of the Nasutitermitinae, has only male soldiers. The presence of male workers, with only one instar, suggests a simplified system of differentiation in the apterous line of C. cyphergaster. These patterns, which had not previously been described for ’full nasute’ Nasutitermitinae, are similar to the differentiation patterns of the ’mandibulate nasute’ Cornitermes walkeri.