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Biological soil crusts are receiving increasing attention due to their potentially positive effects on desert ecosystems. Artificial propagation of crusts is one way to restore degraded desert soils. However, little is known about their effectiveness on overland flow or water infiltration. Consequently, a study was done on soils of the Loess Plateau of China that had crusts propagated on different slopes. The results show that: (1) it is feasible to artificially grow moss-dominated biological soil crusts (moss crusts) in laboratory; when inoculated by sprinkling crushed fragments of stems and leaves of natural moss crusts they will cover the soil surface almost completely after about 10 months; (2) the artificially propagated moss crusts significantly increase infiltration consequently decreasing overland flow and this increase in infiltration is positively correlated to the soil coverage extent; (3) overland flow results increased by slope in moss-protected and bare soils, consequently the action of moss crusts is particularly important for protecting steep slopes; (4) the start time of runoff process is delayed by moss crusts, and the soil water redistribution process is also greatly affected. These results may be useful for helping to control desertification on the Loess Plateau of China or similar regions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.