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A Gram-negative, arsenite-oxidizing bacterial strain, designated VC-1, was isolated from sediment samples from the Camarones Valley in the Atacama Desert, Chile. Strain VC-1 was strictly aerobic, oxidase and catalase positive, rod shaped, of about 5.5 mu m in length and 0.5-1.0 mu m in diameter. It was motile by means of multiple polar flagella. The phylogenetic reconstruction of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, an MLSA study by concatenating six genes, and DDH studies indicated that the strain differed genotypically from its closest relatives and was therefore recognized as a new species within the genus Pseudomonas. Phenotypic analysis combining metabolic tests, fatty acid profiles and MALDI-TOF profiles of total cell extracts supported the classification of the new species for which we propose the designation Pseudomonas arsenicoxydans sp. nov. The type strain is accessible under the culture collection numbers CCUG 58201(T) and CECT 7543(T). (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.