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A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, gliding, aerobic bacterium, designated 12157(T), was isolated from the desert of Xinjiang, China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain 12157(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 30 degrees C. MK-7 was the predominant respiratory menaquinone. The DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was mostly related to members of the genus Pedobacter, with similarities ranging from 90.0% to 93.7%.. Phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic and genotypic analyses support the establishment of a novel species, Pedobacter xinjiangensis sp. nov., with strain 12157(T) (=CCTCC AB 208092(T)=NRRL B-51338(T)) as the type strain.