Arid
DOI10.1029/2009JG001107
Diversity of rock varnish bacterial communities from Black Canyon, New Mexico
Northup, Diana E.1; Snider, Jessica R.1; Spilde, Michael N.2; Porter, Megan L.3; van de Kamp, Jodie L.4; Boston, Penelope J.5; Nyberg, April M.6; Bargar, John R.7
通讯作者Northup, Diana E.
来源期刊JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
ISSN0148-0227
出版年2010
卷号115
英文摘要

Scientists vigorously debate the degree to which rock varnish is formed through the actions of microorganisms. To investigate this enigma, we utilized a three-pronged approach that combined (1) culture-independent molecular methods to characterize bacterial communities associated with varnish that coats the rhyolitic volcanic rocks of Black Canyon, New Mexico, and rocks with no visible varnish; (2) culturing of varnish in media supplemented with reduced forms of manganese and/or iron and no or low amounts of carbon to isolate bacteria capable of precipitating iron and/or manganese oxides; and (3) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of varnish and nearby rock that lacks macroscopically visible varnish. Our culture-independent studies revealed significant differences between varnish and nonvarnish communities. Chloroflexi and Ktedobacteria dominated one varnish site, while the other varnish site was dominated by Cyanobacteria. The nonvarnish sites were dominated by Actinobacteria and, to a lesser extent, Cyanobacteria and were the only samples to contain Deinococcus-Thermus sequences. Approximately 65% of varnish cultures produced visible manganese precipitates. Most culture isolates were not closely related to known manganese oxidizers, with the exception of Bacillus spp. SEM revealed microbial morphologies and two types of varnish morphologies: (1) relatively smooth layers and (2) patches of botryoidal pinnacles, which were often associated with increased manganese concentrations. "Bare" rock showed evidence of incipient varnish. These results have important implications for the detection of life on extraterrestrial planets such as Mars, where putative varnish coatings have been observed, and represent some of the first culture-independent characterizations of varnish communities.


类型Article
语种英语
国家USA ; Australia
收录类别SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:000277259800001
WOS关键词16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA ; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT ; MANGANESE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA ; DESERT VARNISH ; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM ; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ; WHIPPLE MOUNTAINS ; ELECTRON-PROBE ; SONORAN DESERT ; MOJAVE DESERT
WOS类目Environmental Sciences ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WOS研究方向Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Geology
来源机构Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
资源类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/165241
作者单位1.Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA;
2.Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA;
3.Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA;
4.CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia;
5.New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA;
6.ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA;
7.Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Northup, Diana E.,Snider, Jessica R.,Spilde, Michael N.,et al. Diversity of rock varnish bacterial communities from Black Canyon, New Mexico[J]. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation,2010,115.
APA Northup, Diana E..,Snider, Jessica R..,Spilde, Michael N..,Porter, Megan L..,van de Kamp, Jodie L..,...&Bargar, John R..(2010).Diversity of rock varnish bacterial communities from Black Canyon, New Mexico.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES,115.
MLA Northup, Diana E.,et al."Diversity of rock varnish bacterial communities from Black Canyon, New Mexico".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES 115(2010).
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