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The feedback between organisms and their environment is of great relevance to the understanding of ecosystem functioning. Particularly, subterranean mammals living on desert systems play an important role in ecosystem processes modifying their environment and influencing the life strategies of plants and animals. The mendocino tuco-tuco Ctenomys mendocinus, is a fossorial rodent inhabiting a wide range of soil and climate conditions in the central and lands of Argentina. The purpose of our study was to quantify the degree of environmental segregation: soil properties and vegetation in four habitat types, their impact on woody vegetation, and diet. The highest activity was recorded in sand dunes and was associated with high habitat heterogeneity and soft soils. Degree of herbivory varied among habitats, with Lycium (Solanaceae) being the most gnawed shrub. Tuco-tucos behave like folivorous grazers, feeding on leaves of grasses, mostly Panicum (Poaceae). This is the first study integrating multiple approaches of tucos’ auto-ecology in a heterogeneous desert matrix, suggesting a differential use of its environment, possibly according to food supply and soil hardness. Despite life underground impose general constrains for most subterranean species, our results suggest that both above and under ground habitat features play important roles in the occurrence of fossorial rodents. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.