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The investigation of alternative sources of triglycerides suitable for the synthesis of biodiesel, obtained from species adapted to semi-arid lands is currently a very important challenge for Brazilian researchers. In this work we carried out studies with the fruits of the Syagrus coronate (Mart.) Becc., popularly known in Brazil as "licuri" or "ouricuri". The aim of this study was the evaluation of some properties and chemical composition of the oil, as well to explore their potential application in biodiesel production. The oil was obtained from the fruit, with yields of 39% (mass%). The crude oil of the S. coronata was transesterified, using a conventional catalysts and methanol, to obtain biodiesel. The properties of the biodiesel produced are comparable with those commonly accepted for use as biodiesel. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.