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We collected 58 species of caddisflies representing 30 genera and 16 families during a 5-year period in Oak Creek, Coconino Co., Arizona. This is the largest number of species of caddisflies reported in any drainage in Arizona and includes >50% of species reported front the state. Species assemblages changed dramatically along the 767-m descent of Oak Creek over a 70-km distance. Discharge records suggest reduced winter and spring surges of water and increased embeddedness of the Channel have caused changes in assemblages of caddisflies in Oak Creek over the past. several decades. Increased numbers of hydroptilids, hydropsychids, and leptocerids have replaced limnephilids. We conducted a 2-year phenological study at monthly intervals at. two sites separated by <400 m in elevation and a distance of 14 km. Spring surges of water played a selective role in larval success and Ultimately in number and composition of captures of adults between years. We increased the number of recorded species of caddisflies to 109 in the state. A baseline oil assemblages of caddisflies was provided for monitoring changes in health of ecosystem in Oak Creek (hiring the predicted, long-term drought in the Southwest.