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Carbon isotopes in speleothems may serve as indicators of vegetative change, climatic conditions, and karst processes. In many recent studies of Chinese stalagmites, however, carbon isotopes have often been neglected or underutilized in interpreting paleoenvironments. Here, we present a continuous decadal-scale delta C-13 record (819 measurements) of the mid- to late-Holocene from a precisely-dated ( 10 Th-230 dates) aragonite stalagmite from Lianhua Cave, Hunan Province, China. Compared to coeval stalagmites from other Chinese caves, the average delta C-13 value (-3.6 parts per thousand) of stalagmite A1 is higher by similar to 2-7 parts per thousand. Variations in the delta C-13 values (0.1 parts per thousand to -60 parts per thousand) reflect changes in both vegetative productivity and inorganic processes, which respond to climatic processes. The delta C-13 record of stalagmite A1 can be subdivided into three intervals: 1) warm-humid stage (6.6 to 3.8 ka); 2) transitional stage (3.8 to 1.6 ka); and 3) cool-arid stage (1.6 ka to present). Comparisons with other stalagmite and paleoclimatic records demonstrate that these intervals are generally consistent with changes in regional vegetation and climatic conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.