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DOI10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02163.x
Climate history, human impacts and global body size of Carnivora (Mammalia: Eutheria) at multiple evolutionary scales
Felizola Diniz-Filho, Jose Alexandre1; Angel Rodriguez, Miguel2; Bini, Luis Mauricio1; Olalla-Tarraga, Miguel Angel3; Cardillo, Marcel3,4; Nabout, Joao Carlos5; Hortal, Joaquin3; Hawkins, Bradford A.6
通讯作者Felizola Diniz-Filho, Jose Alexandre
来源期刊JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
ISSN0305-0270
EISSN1365-2699
出版年2009
卷号36期号:12页码:2222-2236
英文摘要

Aim


One of the longest recognized patterns in macroecology, Bergmann’s rule, describes the tendency for homeothermic animals to have larger body sizes in cooler climates than their phylogenetic relatives in warmer climates. Here we provide an integrative process-based explanation for Bergmann’s rule at the global scale for the mammal order Carnivora.


Location


Global.


Methods


Our database comprises the body sizes of 209 species of extant terrestrial Carnivora, which were analysed using phylogenetic autocorrelation and phylogenetic eigenvector regression. The interspecific variation in body size was partitioned into phylogenetic (P) and specific (S) components, and mean P- and S-components across species were correlated with environmental variables and human occupation both globally and for regions glaciated or not during the last Ice Age.


Results


Three-quarters of the variation in body size can be explained by phylogenetic relationships among species, and the geographical pattern of mean values of the P-component is the opposite of the pattern predicted by Bergmann’s rule. Partial regression revealed that at least 43% of global variation in the mean phylogenetic component is explained by current environmental factors. In contrast, the mean S-component of body size shows large positive deviations from ancestors across the Holarctic, and negative deviations in southern South America, the Sahara Desert, and tropical Asia. There is a moderately strong relationship between the human footprint and body size in glaciated regions, explaining 19% of the variance of the mean P-component. The relationship with the human footprint and the P-component is much weaker in the rest of the world, and there is no relationship between human footprint and S-component in any region.


Main conclusions


Bergmannian clines are stronger at higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere because of the continuous alternation of glacial-interglacial cycles throughout the late Pliocene and Pleistocene, which generated increased species turnover, differential colonization and more intense adaptive processes soon after glaciated areas became exposed. Our analyses provide a unified explanation for an adaptive Bergmann’s rule within species and for an interspecific trend towards larger body sizes in assemblages resulting from historical changes in climate and contemporary human impacts.


英文关键词Anthropogenic effects Bergmann’s rule body size Carnivora climate Cope’s rule human footprint phylogenetic effects phylogenetic eigenvector regression
类型Article
语种英语
国家Brazil ; Spain ; England ; Australia ; USA
收录类别SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:000271902200001
WOS关键词BERGMANNS RULE ; SPECIES RICHNESS ; EXTINCTION RISK ; NORTH-AMERICA ; COPES RULE ; GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY ; PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL ; SPATIAL VARIATION ; PATTERNS ; BIOGEOGRAPHY
WOS类目Ecology ; Geography, Physical
WOS研究方向Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Physical Geography
资源类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/161389
作者单位1.Univ Fed Goias, Dept Ecol, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil;
2.Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Ecol, Madrid, Spain;
3.Imperial Coll Silwood Pk, Div Biol, Ctr Populat Biol, NERC, Ascot, Berks, England;
4.Australian Natl Univ, Sch Biol, Ctr Macroevolut & Macroecol, Canberra, ACT, Australia;
5.Univ Fed Goias, CIAMB, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Ambientais, Goiania, Go, Brazil;
6.Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Irvine, CA USA
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Felizola Diniz-Filho, Jose Alexandre,Angel Rodriguez, Miguel,Bini, Luis Mauricio,et al. Climate history, human impacts and global body size of Carnivora (Mammalia: Eutheria) at multiple evolutionary scales[J],2009,36(12):2222-2236.
APA Felizola Diniz-Filho, Jose Alexandre.,Angel Rodriguez, Miguel.,Bini, Luis Mauricio.,Olalla-Tarraga, Miguel Angel.,Cardillo, Marcel.,...&Hawkins, Bradford A..(2009).Climate history, human impacts and global body size of Carnivora (Mammalia: Eutheria) at multiple evolutionary scales.JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY,36(12),2222-2236.
MLA Felizola Diniz-Filho, Jose Alexandre,et al."Climate history, human impacts and global body size of Carnivora (Mammalia: Eutheria) at multiple evolutionary scales".JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY 36.12(2009):2222-2236.
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