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Background: Ectoparasites of mammalian hosts play an important role for transmission of diseases from the host reservoirs to human. The aim of this study was to determine the species composition and infestation parameters for parasitic arthropods associated with Rhombomys opimus.

Methods: Ectoparasites of R. opimus were collected from seven endemic district of ZCL in Iran including Shirvan and Sfaraysen in North Khorasan Province, Kalaleh in Golestan Province, Damghan and Shahrood in Semnan Province, and Badrood and Habibabad in Isfahan Province. The areas of study were mainly desert and plain. Rodents were captured using Sherman life traps during active seasons from May to November 2008. Captured rodents were transported to laboratory and their ectoparasites were picked up using brushing against the fur of the rodents. Ectoparasites were stored in 70% ethanol for their preservation and then identified based on morphological characters.

Results: Ectoparasites belonged to one flea species of Xenopsylla nuttalli and one mite species of Ornithonussus bacoti. The flea species with 75.3% was more common than the mite. O. bacoti might play an important role in transmission of rat mite dermatitis among R. opimus colony.

Conclusion: Results will provide an essential clue for combating zoonotic diseases in the region.