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A yellow-pigmented, moderately thermotolerant bacterial strain, designated S3-3(T), was isolated from desert sand in Xinjiang province, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. This isolate was Gram-negative, aerobic and motile. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain S3-3(T) is phylogenetically affiliated to the genus Pseudomonas. Strain S3-3(T) exhibited levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of less than 96.3% to the type strains of all Pseudomonas species, making it clear that strain S3-3(T) represents a species that is separate from previously recognized Pseudomonas species. Its major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C-18:1 omega 6c and/or C-18:1 omega 7c), summed feature 3 (C-16:1 omega 7c and/or iso-C-15:0 2-OH) and C-19:0 cyclo omega 8c. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-9. The DNA G+C content was 60.9 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain S3-3(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas xinjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S3-3T (=CCTCC AB 207151(T) =NRRL B-51270(T)).