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Sustainability conveys the idea of a balance between human needs and environmental concerns. A common theme amongst definitions of sustainability is that sustainable agricultural systems remain productive over little. They should provide for the needs of current, as well as future generations, while conserving natural resources. The enhancement of environmental quality and careful use of resource base on which agriculture depends is viewed as a requisite for sustained agricultural productivity. The notion that sustainable agricultural systems maintain Output in Spite of major disturbances, e.g., such as those caused by projected climate change, is relevant to vulnerable areas, especially in the semi-arid and sub-humid regions of developing Countries.

According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the WMO/UNEP Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released in 2007, semi-arid regions of Asia. Africa, and Latin America are likely to warm during this century, and freshwater availability is projected to decrease. Agricultural productivity in tropical Asia is sensitive not only to temperature increases, but also to changes in the nature and characteristics of monsoon. In the semi-arid tropics of Africa, which are already having difficulty coping With environmental stress. climate change resulting in increased frequencies of drought Poses the greatest risk to agriculture. In Latin America, agriculture and water resources are most affected through the impact of extreme temperatures and changes in rainfall.

Climate change mitigation strategies which include interventions to reduce the Sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases have a marked management component aiming at conservation of natural resources such as improved fertilizer use, improved ruminant digestion, use of water harvesting, and conservation techniques. These strategies are equally consistent with the concept of sustainability. Adaptation strategies include initiatives and measures to reduce the Vulnerability of agroecosystems to projected climate change, Such as changing varieties, altering the timing or location of cropping activities, improving the effectiveness of pest, disease and weed management practices, making better use of seasonal climate forecasts, etc. It is essential to develop and integrate agriculture mitigation and adaptation frameworks for climate change into Sustainable development planning at the national and regional levels to cope with the projected impacts of climate change.