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Reseda collina is included in Reseda section Phyteuma, a monophyletic and morphologically well-defined group that is also characterized by taxonomic problems regarding species circumscription. The status of this species has been controversial, usually being subordinated to the widespread R. phyteuma. A study of R. collina and allied taxa based on morphological and molecular ( nuclear ITS, plastid trnL-F) data supports the taxonomic identity of R. collina and its separation from R. phyteuma. An epitype is designated to support the holotype and prevent future nomenclature problems. In addition, our molecular and morphological analyses suggest that some problematic southeastern Iberian populations, previously identified as R. phyteuma, belong to R. collina, which implies a new European record for this species that was previously considered as a northwestern African endemic. Following this finding, biogeographic relationships between the southern Iberian Peninsula and northwestern Africa are also discussed.