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In order to examine how nematodes respond to sand dune succession after stabilisation and reclamation techniques, nematode communities were investigated in sand dunes stabilised for 0, 16, 26, 43, and 51 years in the Tengger Desert, China. Our results revealed that the abundance of nematodes; the proportion of fungivores, omnivores, and predators; maturity index (MI); Shannon index; evenness; and structure index (SI) were affected significantly by the age of stabilised sand dunes, and were correlated with soil physical and chemical properties to different degrees. There were differences in nematode abundance, the proportion of fungivores, Shannon index, and evenness between the shifting dunes and the stabilised dunes, but not within the different succession stages of the stabilised dunes. MI showed a tendency to increase with dune age and SI increased significantly with dune age. MI, and especially SI, could act as robust indicators of stabilised sand dune succession. Redundancy analysis using data on nematode community composition showed that shifting sand dunes were clearly separated from stabilised sand dunes, and younger sand dunes stabilised for 16 and 26 years were also separated from older dunes stabilised for 43 and 51 years to a lesser degree. The results indicated that changes in nematode communities could predict initial sand dune stabilisation due to the planting of artificial vegetation, and clearly differentiate sand dune succession accompanied by vegetation succession and variation of soil properties.