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(Conidial fungi from Caatinga: leaf litter species). An inventory of conidial fungi was carried out in six areas of extreme biological importance within the Caatinga bioi-ne. Seventy four species were collected, with seven new records for Brazil. Heliocephala zimbabweensis Decock, V. Robert & Masuka is recorded for the second time for the world, Sporidesmium verrucisporum M.B. Ellis is new to the American continent, Dicyma vesiculifera Piroz., Fusariella concinna (Syd.) S. Hughes, F. obstipa (Pollack) S. Hughes, Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus (Corda) W. Gams and Sporidesmiella claviformis P.M. Kirk are new to South America; Falcocladium sphaeropedunculatum Crous & Alfenas, Myrmecridium schulzeri var. schulzeri (Sacc.) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, Pseudodictyosporium wauense Matsush. and Repetophragma inflatum are new to the Brazilian semi-arid region. Four species were recognized as new, Brachysporiellina fecunda S.M. Leao, A.C. Cruz, R.F. Castaneda & Gusmao, Diplococcium verruculosum A.C. Cruz, Gusmao & R.F. Castaneda, Lobatopedis longistriatum A.C. Cruz, Gusmao, S.M. Leao-Ferreira & R.F. Castaneda, Subramaniomyces pulcher A.C. Cruz, Gusmao & R.F. Castaneda and were published separately. The new records are described, illustrated and commented. A list including all other collected species is presented.