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Relationship of soil characteristics with vegetation was evaluated for determing the most effective parameters responsible in the distribution of vegetation types in rangelands of the Cholistan desert. Soils of different vegetation types were analyzed for salinity, organic matter, moisture content and ionic concentration (Na, K, P). Vegetation types were analyzed for density, frequency, cover and importance value index. The association of certain plant species to certain soil types was common indicating the influence of chemical composition of the soils. The result showed marked important relationships between soil characteristics and plant species. Suaeda fruticosa and Haloxylon recurvum the high salinity levels and low organic matter. Calligonum polygonoides, Aerva javanica, Dipterygium glaucum, Capparis deciduas and Haloxylon salicornicum indicated better organic matter, low salinities and Na+ concentration and Na/K ratio. Ecological characteristics, responsible for plant distribution in Cholistan desert seem to be salinity, organic matter and ionic concentration.