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Silicate Nd-Sr isotopes of the fine-grained fractions of the 10 major deserts and sandy lands in North China and the loess in Chinese Loess Plateau were systematically investigated. Wide ranges in Nd-Sr isotopic compositions have been observed. The results of the < 75 pm silicate fractions show that the Nd-Sr isotopic compositions of each desert are quite homogeneous and unique. According to the geographic distribution of the deserts and their Nd-Sr isotopes of both the < 75 and < 5 mu m silicate fractions, three isotopic regions of Chinese deserts can be identified: (A) the deserts on the northern boundary of China, with the highest epsilon(NJ)(0) > -7.0; (B) the deserts on the northern margin of Tibetan Plateau, with epsilon(Nd)(0) ranging from -11.9 to -7.4; and (C) the deserts on the Ordos Plateau, with the lowest epsilon(Nd)(0)) < -11.5. The distribution of the threes isotopic regions is controlled by the tectonic setting in North China, which implies that the materials of the deserts are derived from the locally eroded rocks from the surrounding mountains and the Nd-Sr isotopic signatures of these deserts could be quit stable over the past million years on the sub-tectonic time scales if there is any desert at those times. The Nd-Sr isotopic compositions of the loess are mostly close to those of the deserts in isotopic region B, suggesting that the main source regions of the last glacial loess in the Chinese Loess Plateau are Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, and Qaidam Desert. Also, the comparison between the Nd-Sr isotopes of the < 5 mu m silicate fractions of the deserts and the ancient dust falls in the North Pacific and Greenland show that the Asian end members of these dust falls are derived most from the deserts in the isotopic region B and less from those in the isotopic region C. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.