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The number of streptomycetes isolated from salt-affected soils of the Caspian Lowland and desert soils of Mongolia comprises hundreds and thousands of colony-forming units (CFU) per one gram of soil. A complex of moderately halophilic streptomycetes is present in salt-affected soils. The factor of halophily (the ratio between the numbers of streptomycetes isolated from salt-affected soils on nutrient media with 5% NaCl and with 0.02% NaCl) has been calculated for the complex of streptomycetes. The streptomycetic complex of salt-affected soils is characterized by the presence of moderately haloalkaliphilic streptomycetes, whose optimum growth is observed in the medium containing 5% NaCl having pH 8.