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A sensitive and selective method was developed for the determination of the antipsychotic drug Olanzapine levels in rat brain tissue, based on HPLC with electrochemical detection. The analyses were carried out on a C8 reversed phase column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 mu m), using a mobile phase composed of methanol and a phosphate buffer (44.0 mM, pH 3.5), containing triethylamine (21:79, v/v), flowing at 1.2 mL min(-1). A high sensitivity coulometric detection analytical cell containing two flow-through low volume working electrodes was used: electrode I was set at +0350 V and electrode 2 at -0.200 V. Olanzapine, administered to rats in different doses or in different times, was extracted from tissue homogenate of either the whole brain or specific areas (cortex, hyppocampus, nucleus striatum) with a rapid solid phase extraction procedure (SPE) on Oasis HLB cartridges. The method provided a high extraction yield of Olanzapine and internal standard (2-methylolanzapine) from brain tissue homogenate with absolute recovery values higher than 90.0%. The detector response was linear over a concentration range of 0.2-100.0 ng mL(-1) of Olanzapine. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.2 ng mL(-1). Precision results, expressed by the intra-day and the inter-day relative standard deviation values. were satisfactory, better than 4.6%. Accuracy was satisfactory as well. This method proved to be suitable for the analysis of Olanzapine in rat brain tissues and for the study of distribution and pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine in rat brain after a single treatment with the antipsychotic drug (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.