Arid
DOI10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[38:ENADOS]2.0.CO;2
El Nino and displays of spring-flowering annuals in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts
Bowers, JE
通讯作者Bowers, JE
来源期刊JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY
ISSN0040-9618
出版年2005
卷号132期号:1页码:38-49
英文摘要

Although popular and scientific literature frequently assumes a strong connection between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and good displays of spring-flowering annuals in the southwestern United States, such assumptions are based on anecdotal, short-term evidence. The goals of this study were to identify good wildflower years as objectively as possible, to assess the correlation between El Nino and good displays of spring-flowering annuals, and to examine the influence of rainfall amounts on good wildflower years. The terms "good displays" and "good wildflower years" refer to times or places when populations of showy spring-flowering annuals (often called winter annuals) are abundant, robust, and diverse. In the deserts of southeastern California and southern Arizona, good wildflower years occurred about once every 5 to 7 years in the 20th century. The connection between good wildflower years and traditionally defined El Nino episodes was weak, but when El Nino was redefined in a phenologically meaningful way as any calendar year in which the average Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) between July and December was negative, 21 of 27 good wildflower years in the combined deserts were associated with El Nino. Good wildflower years were 3.6 times more likely after redefined El Nino years than after other years. Rain in the months before good wildflower years was at least 30% greater than the long-term average in the Mojave Desert and at least 50% greater in the Sonoran Desert. A diverse flora of spring-flowering annuals occurred in the region during the late Wisconsin and early Holocene, which was a period of wetter, milder winters and cooler summers. Perhaps some species of spring-flowering annuals persist today in the and southwestern United States only because frequent El Nino conditions recreate the cool, moist conditions of the late Pleistocene.


英文关键词climatic variability El Nino ephemerals herbarium records Mojave Desert phenology Sonoran Desert spring-flowering annuals winter annuals
类型Article
语种英语
国家USA
收录类别SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:000229248500006
WOS关键词WESTERN UNITED-STATES ; WINTER ANNUALS ; SEED-GERMINATION ; NEW-MEXICO ; PRECIPITATION ; VEGETATION ; ARIZONA ; PLANTS ; CLIMATE ; RODENTS
WOS类目Plant Sciences
WOS研究方向Plant Sciences
来源机构United States Geological Survey
资源类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/149858
作者单位(1)US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Bowers, JE. El Nino and displays of spring-flowering annuals in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts[J]. United States Geological Survey,2005,132(1):38-49.
APA Bowers, JE.(2005).El Nino and displays of spring-flowering annuals in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts.JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY,132(1),38-49.
MLA Bowers, JE."El Nino and displays of spring-flowering annuals in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts".JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY 132.1(2005):38-49.
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