干旱区生态环境知识资源中心

Grain yield and water use efficiency (WIJE) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in and environments can be improved by applying irrigation selectively to allow soil water deficits to develop at non-critical stages of crop development. Field experiments were conducted on a loam soil in Zhangye district, northwest China in 2003 and 2004 to determine the grain yield, yield components, and water use characteristics of spring wheat in response to regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) schemes. Wheat grown under the RDI schemes produced 17% (in 2004) and 29% (in 2003) higher grain yield than wheat grown under water deficit-free control (5.6 t ha(-1) in 2003 and 6.2 t ha(-1) in 2004). Among six RDI schemes studied, wheat having a high water deficit at the jointing stage, but free from water deficit from booting to grain-filling produced highest grain yield in both 2003 (7.95 t ha(-1)) and 2004 (7.26 t ha(-1)). Compared with the control, wheat plants grown under the RDI schemes received 59 min (or 15%) less water via irrigation, but they either extracted 41 mm more (or 74%) water from the soil profile (in 2003) or lowered (16%) evapotranspiration (ET) (in 2004). Grain yield increased as ET increased from 415 to 460 mm, and declined beyond 460 mm. The WUE values varied from 0.0116 to 0.0168 t ha(-1) mm(-1), and wheat grown under the RDI had 26% greater WUE compared with the control. Grain yield and WUE of spring wheat can be greatly improved by regulated deficit irrigation with reduced amounts of water. This practice is particularly valuable in and regions where wheat production relies heavily on irrigation.