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Cryptogamic crusts have long been regarded as important components of desert ecosystems. In order to reduce and combat the hazards of sandstorm and desertification, it is critical to conserve cryptogamic crusts in arid desert and semiarid regions. In this study, we characterized soil physical and chemical properties after revegetation on sanddunes stabilized with straw checkerboard. Revegetation accelerated the improvement of environmental conditions leading to the establishment and propagation of cryptogams on sanddunes in the Tengger desert region. Since revegetation began 44 years ago, 24 species of algae and 5 species of moss have established on fixed sanddunes in the Shapotou region in the northwest of China, but no lichens have been observed. Algal cover and species richness were found to be positively correlated with soil pH, contents of silt and clay, concentrations of HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Mg2+, soil organic carbon and N contents (p < 0.01), but were only weakly correlated with concentration of Ca2+, electrical conductivity (EC) and potassium content (K2O). The number of species and cover of mosses were positively correlated with soluble K+ and Na+ but no other relationships were apparent. The percent sand in composition of soil particle sizes, and soil bulk density were both negatively correlated to species number and cover for both cryptogam organisms. This study represents a successful example of restoration of cryptogam species diversity in arid desert regions.