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The use of indigenous trees in the Negev landscape avoids the introduction of foreign species which have had, and may have, detrimental effects on the local ecology, which may alter landscape character and diminish landscape quality in areas that are sensitive to change. One of the key uses of trees in the landscape is to create shade and by creating shade, the indigenous trees of the Negev Desert can be seen to significantly modify microclimate below and within the vicinity of the tree canopy. This shade benefits local plant and animal communities as well as people who find respite from the heat of the sun. The amelioration of short wave solar radiation and long wave radiation from the ground by the native trees is highly significant and this reduction in energy indicates the potential for the use of these native trees in development projects. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.