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Seven genera of actinomycetes have been identified in the actinomycetal complex of pale brown desert-steppe soil of Mongolia. Streptomycetes and micromonospores predominate in the actinomycetal complex of this soil. The minor components are represented by the actinomycetes of Actinomadura and Saccharopolyspora genera. Saccharomonospora, Streptosporangium, and Dactylosporangium genera are rare in this soil. Pale brown desert-steppe soil is characterized by a wider spectrum of actinomycetes as compared with more and brown semidesert soil. Only streptomycetes and micromonospores have been isolated from the latter soil.