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The isoclimatic Mediterranean zone occupies 14 million km(2) in 50 countries and five continents. It harbors some 74,000 species of vascular plants of which 39,000 are endemic to one country or subzone. The number of legume species is about 10% of the overall flora. This article lists and briefly describes over 134 taxa of fodder legumes, native to the isoclimatic arid and semiarid Mediterranean zone (IASAMZ), that seem fit for cultivation or have been proven successful under cultivation trials, but are not yet routinely utilized in agriculture. Many are known to a handful of field botanists and plant ecologists only; a few are still awaiting a scientific description. Some have been reported by experienced surveyors only. These species are found in remote protected sites, particularly in state forests, only. They have long since disappeared from farmland and gracing land by reason of permanent heavy grazing over half a century and sometimes much longer. Field trials, in most cases, showed their potential use in the rehabilitation of depleted and and semiarid lands in the isoclimatic Mediterranean zone. This material is still available, but many taxa are threatened with disappearence as a result of land abuse and may become an irremediable loss of resources which could benefit mankind.