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The Salads Mediana lacustrine sequence, central Ebro Basin, Spain (41 degrees 30’10 "N, 0 degrees 44’W, 350 m a.s.l.) provides an example of the potential and limitations of saline lake records as palaeoclimate proxies in the semi-arid Mediterranean region. Sedimentary facies analyses, chemical stratigraphy, stable isotopes (delta O-18 and delta C-13) of authigenic carbonates, delta C-13 values of bulk organic matter and pollen analyses from sediment cores provide paleohydrological and vegetation change reconstructions for the Lateglacial and Late Holocene in the central Ebro basin. A preliminary chronology is based on Pb-210 and C-14 AMS dates. The lacustrine sequence is composed of three sedimentary Sections. The Lower Section was deposited in a permanent saline to brackish lake. This stage represents the most humid period in the record and it was accompanied by the expansion of temperate trees (particularly Corylus). The Middle Section was deposited in an ephemeral playa-lake complex. Frequent subaerial exposure conditions favour the colonisation of the playa lake floor by Chenopodiaceae during a low water table period. This interval reflects the most arid conditions ill the Salads Mediana record, including the current environment. A secondary temperate tree expansion occurred after the maximum aridity period. Aquatic plants and cyanobacterial mats spread in the lake during periods of raised water tables. This paleohydrological and vegetational evolution attests to large changes in effective moisture during the Lateglacial in the semi-arid northeastern Spain. The abundance of Corylus during the Lateglacial indicates that refugia for temperate trees were located along the Ebro valley during the Last Glacial Maximum. The Holocene sediments in the Salada Mediana records have been eroded, and the Upper Section represents deposition during the last few centuries. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.