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Fossil and living shells of terrestrial and freshwater molluscs collected from various sites in the Bonaerense and Patagonia regions of Argentina were analysed for their stable isotope content as a possible tool for palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. The oxygen isotope composition of calcareous shell from freshwater samples was interpreted in terms of a change in moisture condition and the related evaporative effect on surficial bodies of water, linked to a climatic shift. The carbon isotope composition mainly records changes in biological productivity. Interpretation of the isotopic composition of the land snail carbonate is more complex and worldwide data from living shells have been used to decipher to some extent the palaeoenvironmental record contained in their isotopic composition. Overall, the interpretations deduced from isotopic data of land snails as well as from nearby freshwater molluscs are quite comparable. The isotopic data suggest that arid conditions occurred between 35 and 15 ka B.P, and warmer conditions around 35-25 ka B.P. A shift toward a new phase comparable with the present meteorological and climatic situation probably began around 9 ka B.P. and it was linked to some short but severe climatic fluctuations, thus suggesting that high climatic stress characterised this period. Moreover, a trend toward slightly arid conditions is suggested by isotopic data, possibly sometimes after 5 ka. The differences arising from the geographical location and the short duration of each single series studied still hamper an extensive interpretation of the isotopic data. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.