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There have been no previous reports on the refractive indices of the aqueous and vitreous humors of the one-humped camel. These values are required to draw up a schematic or model eye for the camel. Such an eye will provide a theoretical tool for studying the visual capabilities of this important desert animal. We used an Abbe refractometer to measure the refractive index of the aqueous and vitreous humors from 16 enucleated eyes of freshly slaughtered one-humped camels. The average refractive index of the aqueous humor was 1.3334 while that of the vitreous humor was 1.3330. These refractive indices are similar to those of other animals and water, probably indicating the high water content in both ocular fluids. Med Sci Res 27:499-500 (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.