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This paper reviews the main methodologies and techniques that have been used to characterize gypsum in soils, especially in gypsiferous soils of semiarid and arid regions and range from the identification of gypsum in soil surveys in the field to the study of gypsum in the laboratory. Many methods of gypsum identification and determination have been developed, each one with its own limitations. The paper reviews the study of gypsum from different points of view, complementary and necessary to obtain a general overview of the methodologies used to study gypsum in soils. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.