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Mean fungal hyphal length was estimated in the surface horizons of a lithosol under Dryas octopetala in a polar semi-desert ecosystem at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard (78 degrees 56’N, 11 degrees 50’E). This site is the most northerly from which such values have been collected and provides the only record from polar semi-desert sites in the Eurasian high Arctic. Although mean (+/- SE) fungal hyphal length was the lowest recorded in surface horizons of northern tundra (23 +/- 1 m g(-1)), it was of the same order as results from a Canadian high-Arctic soil and Antarctic soils of high pH and low moisture and organic matter content, with little vegetation cover.