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Numerous reports have suggested that surgical readiness during Operation Desert Storm was poor, We surveyed active duty Navy surgeons to assess current trauma experience and capability, A survey concerning trauma and critical care experience, as well as self-rating of skills, was mailed to all active duty surgeons (n = 185) in 1993, The response rate was 79% (146/185), A high turnover rate of surgeons was indicated by: (1) 51% (75/146) of surgeons had less than 3 years of experience following residency; and (2) only 42% (61/146) had served in the Gulf War, Only 12% of active duty surgeons (18/146) were involved in trauma care, Only 10% (14/146) had performed more than 20 operations for trauma in the preceding 1 year, and 85% (124/146) had performed fewer than 10 operations. In the preceding 5 years, 84% (122/146) had performed fewer than 100 operations for trauma, and 42% (61/146) had performed none, Critical care experience ranged from 0 to 20 patients per month (mean = 3), Despite limited recent experience, 84% (123/146) of respondents rated their trauma skills as adequate (n = 43), good (n = 49), or excellent (n = 31), We conclude that most Navy surgeons have minimal recent experience in trauma care, A high rate of turnover mandates training strategies that provide an ongoing exposure to injured patients, This could be accomplished by designating military hospitals as trauma centers or by placing military surgeons in civilian trauma centers.