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Tubulidentate remains have been found at four localities in southern Namibia, ranging in age from the base of the Middle Miocene to the base of the Upper Miocene. Even though the remains are fragmentary, it is clear that they belong to species considerably smaller than extant aardvarks (Orycteropus afer) and thus accord with evidence from East Africa which indicates that Middle Miocene orycteropodids were appreciably smaller than their Plio-Pleistocene and extant relatives. Specimens from the lowest stratigraphic levels in the Rooilepel aeolianites reveal that, by Middle Miocene times, some species of aardvarks were adapted to desert conditions.