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The vertical and horizontal distribution of nematodes in polar desert soils was investigated at two field sites in the Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Soil samples were collected from horizontal (2-m interval) and vertical (depths of 0-2.5 cm, 2.5-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm) grids on the north and south shores of Lake Hoare, and nematodes were extracted, identified to genus and life-cycle stage, and enumerated. Nematodes occurred primarily at depths between 2.5 and 10 cm in the soil profile, and were less abundant at the surface (0-2.5 cm) and at 10-20 cm. Distribution along the horizontal grid was patchy. This aggregation may indicate favorable microhabitat sites for nematode growth and reproduction, and provide information about the potential influence of environmental parameters on nematode distribution and population structure in Antarctic soils.