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In 1908, von Linstow described Oxyuris parallela from a Xerus capensis captured in the Kalahari desert. In 1909, the same author described Oxyuris polyoon from a Xerus setosus captured in South West Africa. Inglis (1961), studying the syntypes, concluded that the specimens belonged to the same species, which he transferred to Enterobius parallela (Linstow, 1908). After redescription of this species, it appears that these parasites share with the oxyurids in the genus Enterobius a number of morphological characteristics which are common to all the Oxyuridae genera parasites in Primates which consequently does not justify keeping the species in this genus. In addition this species differs from the known species in the genus Enterobius by the following characteristics: pairs 2 and 3 of genital papillae farther from the cloacal opening and surrounded by weak chitinized rings not fusing posterior to cloaca; egg asymmetry less marked; egg non-embryonated and without operculum; lateral alae differently shaped. Finally the parasites of Xerus present original characteristics : genital apparatus prodelphic whereas the general type is amphidelphic; cloacal opening covered by a hood-shaped flap whereas it is a longitudinal slit in all the related taxa; extremity of the spicular pouch protruding from the cloaca; ring-shaped gubernaculum present. Consequently it is proposed to transfer the species to a new genus : Xeroxyuris. The type and only species is Xeroxyuris parallela (Linstow, 1908), parasite of Xerus inauris in South-Africa.