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The ant fauna of the Mapimi Biosphere Reserve (Durango, Mexico) was recorded from the 11 vegetation subtypes of the dominant crassicaule xerophyte scrub. A total of 32 species of ants, placed in 19 genera were found. They were distributed in Ecitoninae (3 spp.), Myrmicinae (20 spp.), Dolichoderinae (3 spp.) and Formicinae (6 spp.). Keys to the species, a small diagnosis of each species, and field behavior notes on each species are provided. The following species are recorded from Durango for the first time: Neivamyrme-x leonardi, N. melanocephalus, Pheidole subdentata, Tetramorium spinosum, Dorymyrmex insanus, Myrmecocystus placodops and froin Mexico: Pheidole cockerelli, P. crassicornis, Leptothorax nitens and Camponotus tortuganus.