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Vertical distribution of actinomycetes of the genus Micromonospora in basic types of biogeocenoses (forest, steppe, and desert) is discussed. Micromonosporas were shown to be an integral part of actinomycete complexes in biogeocenoses of humid and arid zones. In soil actinomycete complexes, micromonosporas usually were not predominant; however, in the above-ground strata (the F and H layers of the forest litter, mosses, desert litter and dry plants, steppe mulch and litter), the density of micromonosporas was higher when compared to other actinomycete genera. Vertical distribution of actinomycetes in biomes was continuous in arid zones (steppe and desert biogeocenoses) due to micromonosporas and streptomycetes, while in humid zones (forest biogeocenoses), micromonosporas mainly developed in the litter and the moss layer, thus making the distribution of actinomycetes discrete.