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Granivores (rodents, birds, and ants) are potentially important elements of agricultural ecosystems, since a large part of the resources of these systems is devoted to seed production. This work analyzes the effects of food abundance (both seeds and arthropods), the foraging impact of other granivores, vegetation structure, moonlight, and season on the distribution of the foraging impact of rodents, birds, and ants in cereal crop landscapes of central Spain by means of stepwise multiple regressions. The distribution patterns of granivores in croplands were not related to the foraging impact of other granivores nor to food abundance. Instead, these patterns were associated with vegetation structure traits, in turn related to human use of land. Each granivore group responded to different environmental features such as stable refuges or safe and accessible foraging places. The man-made patchiness of crop landscapes, and the differential responses of each group to structural traits, seems to produce nearly non-overlapping patterns of food resource use among granivores, thus preventing them from competing as they usually do in natural habitats.