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The radionuclide content of airborne dust has been studied under ambient conditions at the former nuclear weapons test site at Maralinga in the Great Victoria Desert, South Australia. Measurements have been made of radionuclide concentrations and of dust loadings. Resuspension factors for plutonium are derived from airborne activity concentrations of actinides together with measurements of surface contamination. Resuspension factors are typically 10(-10) m-1 in calm conditions, but may increase by up to three orders of magnitude during dust storms with winds in excess of 10 m s-1. The overall geometrical average resuspension factor is 4 x 10(-10) m-1. These resuspension factors apply to environmental plutonium that has been deposited during trials involving the single-point (non-nuclear) detonation of a nuclear weapon in a simulated accident. Similar results were obtained at the site of a very low yield (1 kton) nuclear weapon test.