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Plasmids were detected in ten out of thirty-one bacterial isolates, belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Flavobacterium, Planococcus and Micrococcus, from the Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. The plasmids were either small (approximately 4 kb) or large (approximately 85 kb). Plasmid-curing experiments in isolates of Flavobacterium indicated that the plasmids contained antibiotic-resistant markers. DNA hybridisation studies and restriction analysis showed that the plasmids from the two isolates of Flavobacterium multivorum were identical.