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Elephants in the understory: opposing direct and indirect effects of consumption and ecosystem engineering by megaherbivores 期刊论文
发表期刊: ECOLOGY. 出版年: 2016, 卷号: 97, 期号: 11, 页码: 3219-3230
作者:  Coverdale, Tyler C.;  Kartzinel, Tyler R.;  Grabowski, Kathryn L.;  Shriver, Robert K.;  Hassan, Abdikadir A.;  Goheen, Jacob R.;  Palmer, Todd M.;  Pringle, Robert M.
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African savannas  associational defenses  disturbance  elephant damage  extinction  facilitation  herbivory  ivory poaching  Loxodonta africana  megafauna  plant diversity  wildlife management