干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 生态脆弱带内部空间分异结构与脆弱度划分

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	生态脆弱带内部空间分异结构与脆弱度划分
其他题名	The Spatial Differentiation Strurcure and Weakness Assessment of Ecotone
	孙武 1; 南忠仁2
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2002
卷号	22 期号:4 页码:445-451
中文摘要	内蒙乌盟后山及河北坝上地区是研究土地利用的人为驱动、气候驱动同全球变化关系的理想剖面。区内气候风蚀力代表了自然地理条件的主分异方向，其值在70～3之间，高低差别很大。区内42a内单位面积上牧畜头数累积减少量以旱作界线附近为最高，向南北两侧减代，且南部高于北部。20世纪80年代沙漠化的发展并没改变本世纪70年代沙漠化程度分布的基本格局。两个时代具有相同的空间分布规律；沿旱作农业北界附近的旗县为沙漠化最严重的地带，向南部坝上农业地带和北部牧业地带递减。虽然社会经济因素仍以西北东南为分异的主方向，但滥垦加剧了农牧交错带梯度分异，旱作界线附近构成了社会经济因子分异跃变地带。对区内20个旗县13个因子的旋转主要成分分析表明，前4个主成分约分别为33％、21％、15％和14％，各自代表社会经济条件、灾害、气候风蚀力和沙尘天气四类要素。根据其分异规律，自东南向西北可将本区划为南部农牧中度脆弱、中部牧农重度脆弱和北就牧业轻度脆弱3个弧形地带。
英文摘要	Area of upland and rear hill is situated in the southeast Inner-Mngolia plateau between Hebei Province and Inner-Mongolia autonomous region. Nowadays, there are here great population pressure on land, heavy erosion of water and wind, rapid desertification expansion and high fluctuation of eco-social compound system, all which lead to low living standard of local residents. As a result, the area becomes the most fragile part of ecotone in north China. Because of its peculiarity in eco-geography and major factor in global environmental change, the area also become the core region of NECT in IGBP, which are intended to discuss the relation between global change and land use driven by human and climate. In the paper, taking the area of upland and rear hill as typical sction, which stretches 500 km long and 300 km wide and deals with 18 counties and banners, to be discussed is the spatial differentiation of ecotone elements such as climatic erosion force, losses in animal husbandry, desertification status and economic level, from which the major differentiation factors are chosen based on the method of PCA, then the weakness degree of the whole region be assessed. Climatic erosion force is not only the integration of meteorological factors such, as wind, precipitation and temperature, but a driving force of desertification and dust storm. So it can represent eco-geography differentiation. According to the principle about C′ of Chepil and FAO, the author puts forward a new equation for the wind erosion force (C′): c′= U~3S~(-2) S = 12//i = 1 S_i = 0.18P/1.045~t. In keeping with the results of Bailer’s humidity index S, we can have an objective reflection of regional humidity situation with the meteorological data from 1960～1980. 2.5 isoline of Bailer’s distributes in the same way as that of 200 mm of precipitation, 4.5 the same as 400 mm, most of the region renge from 4.5～2.5. Average C′ of many years in this area is between 70～3 and decreases from Erenhot to the south which reflects the principal differentiation direction of eco-geography. In agrement with the conversion of standard sheep unit, which is 1 sheep for 1 shoop unit, 1 draught animal for 4.5 shoop unit, using the original unmber of livestock for end of yar from 1951～1992, the paper establishers a new serial of livestock through the value of this year minus last yar. Though factors like natural disaster, policies and market contribute greatly to the decrease of livestock, the new serial of livestock can approximately represent the influence of disasters. The highest accumulated number of livestock which decreased from 1951～1992 are in the counties along dry farming line from which it decreases toward two sides with the south a little higher than the north. Making use of the remote sensible monitoring of the mid 1970s and 1980s, the sandy desertification status and spatial differentiation in the area is discussed. Overall degradation status of the region is 2.8% in the mid 1970s and it increased to 5.8% in the mid 1980s. These is a tendency of degradation status from the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s for aggravation of the total situation. The desertification development in the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s for aggravation of the total situation. The desertification development in 1980s didn’t change the basic structure of which in 1970s, both are of the same distributiion pattern: desertification status is the highest along dry farming line and decreases to ward two sides. Furthermore, the most severely desertified type always distribute along the dry farming belt during 1970s～1980s. It went separately in the 1970s and occurred only in Siziwangqi, Darhan Mumingqu, Zhenglanqi, Fengnng and Duolun. After newly emerged in Huade, Shangdu, Qahar Youyi Zhongqi, Wuchuan and Baiqi, they linked together from west to east forming an axis of severity dgree with the length of 700 km in the 1980s. In addition the gradient change in unit area for yield of calorie and protein is analyzed. Meat yield is corpus and net meat ratio is 80%. General food structure and nutrition component of China is taken as conversion criteria. As for content criteria calculation for meat and grain, Siziwangqi, Shangdu and Zhangbei are respectively taken for pasturing, Agro-husbandry interleaving zone of Inner Mongolia and the counties of Hebei. The average value in unit area for yield of calorie and protein are of the same spatial pattern in the study region from 1983～1992, with a degressive change from south to north. Higher point is in upland of Hebei Province with Zhangbei and Kangbao being the highest, lower is in pastoral belt with Sonid Youqi the least. In attempt to entirely approach the differentiation rule, we choose the principal differentiation components from 13 natural and social factors based on the method of rotated PCA with omitting the eigenvalue < 0.1. The results shows that the former 4F respectively account for 33%, 21%, 15% and 14%, with the first Fobviously higher than the latter 3 F. F1 mainly represent x1, x2, x3, x4 and x10,in which, x10 has the highest burden. What F1 imply is that social factors, especially the land use, play an important role in the differentiation of ecotone. In differentiation manner, F1 is characterized by the much higher gradient along dry farming belt. F2 reflects the disaster situation of x5,x6 and x7, and opposite to F1, it decreases from dry farming belt toward two sides. F3 is made up of x9, x11 and x12, and is a demonstration of climatic erosion force which increases from SE to NW, and F4 explains condition of sandstorm. From the analysis obove, a conclusion is drawn that the formet 4F respectively represents the conditions of human, natural disasters, wind erosive force and dust storm. According to the differential laws and weakness assessment, the study region can be divided into three arc belt in different weakness state from SE to NW; South moderate belt of farming-husbandry interleaving, Middle severe belt of husbandry-farming interleaving and North light belt of pastoral husbandry.
中文关键词	空间分异 ; 梯度结构 ; 脆弱度划分
英文关键词	spatial differentiation gradient structure weakness assessment
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ECOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1045098
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/203377
作者单位	1.华南师范大学地理系, 广州, 广东 510631, 中国; 2.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程所, 兰州, 甘肃 730000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	孙武,南忠仁. 生态脆弱带内部空间分异结构与脆弱度划分[J]. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,2002,22(4):445-451.
APA	孙武,&南忠仁.(2002).生态脆弱带内部空间分异结构与脆弱度划分.生态学报,22(4),445-451.
MLA	孙武,et al."生态脆弱带内部空间分异结构与脆弱度划分".生态学报 22.4(2002):445-451.