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Pollen analytical, archaeological, ethnological, historical and meteorological evidence are combined to establish a preliminary history of the Little Ice Age in a mountain area, Oystol, in SW Norway. A climatic deterioration in the period AD 1300-1800 is suggested. Ripening of barley in this period was uncertain at the summer farm areas (550-700 m a.s.l.) which were deserted in the first part of this period, and presumably also in the farm area of Hamrabo (300 m a.s.1.).