Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 莫索湾地区白梭梭幼苗的发生和生长与环境因子 的关系 | |
| 其他题名 | Relationship between the occurrence and growth of Haloxylon persicum seedlings and environmental factors in the Mosuo Bay area |
| 李亚萍 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 蒋进 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 由于环境因子等条件的限制，白梭梭幼苗的发生与生长在不同的年限表现出的效果不同，通过了解古尔班通古特沙漠白梭梭的萌发特性、幼苗生长及与环境因子之间的关系，对白梭梭种群更新与环境因子之间的关联有重要理论意义，以及在白梭梭的物种保护方面提供科学依据，同时对北疆沙漠的生态系统稳定起到支撑的作用。选取古尔班通古特沙漠南缘莫索湾地区发育近SN向的纵向沙垄，按照植被盖度分布的不同，依次选取植被总盖度为10%（沙丘A）、15%（沙丘B）、30%（沙丘C）的沙丘作为实验样地，其中，沙丘A和沙丘B群落主要以白梭梭为主的半固定沙丘，伴随有少量的沙拐枣，沙丘C主要以红柳为主，白梭梭数量占整体盖度的2%~5%。所选样地包括3条沙垄，每两沙垄垄顶间距约200 m，沙垄顶部与垄间地的最大落差为8 m。运用动态生命表观察和分析苗期幼苗的存活状况，了解环境因子对白梭梭幼苗在发生与生长期间的作用。结果表明：白梭梭幼苗大量分布在半固定沙丘的迎风坡上部、坡顶和背风坡，随着白梭梭植被总盖度的增大，其幼苗的数量亦成增大的趋势。固定沙丘由于白梭梭群落密度较少，幼苗的数量显著地小于半固定沙丘。将环境因子指标与白梭梭幼苗的密度进行显著性检验，结果发现，土壤细沙的含量与白梭梭幼苗的数量成极显著的正相关（R2=0.996），与土壤pH（R2=0.72）和电导率（R2=0.58）、土壤有机质（R2=0.64）、土壤全N（R2=0.80）呈显著的正相关。不管是半固定沙丘还是固定沙丘，白梭梭幼苗更新的共同影响因子有坡度、坡向、坡位、土壤含水量、土壤养分、物种的多样性。坡度、坡向改善局部的土壤水分、光照以及养分，在条件较好的情况下，白梭梭幼苗的生长状况较好，更新的数量也较多。用典范排序（CCA）的方式对该地区样方、环境因子以及物种多度之间进行对应分析，了解物种多样性对白梭梭幼苗发生与生长的影响，结果表明，物种与环境因子之间存在显著的相关关系，土壤粒度是影响物种分布一个较为敏感的指示性因子，物种大量分布在土壤砂粒所在的排序轴上，与白梭梭生长立地相似的物种有倒披针叶虫实、鹤虱、天芥菜、三芒草、土大戟等，这些种与白梭梭幼苗共同竞争水分、养分等。地形因子中，坡向主要影响物种丰富度指数simpson；土壤理化因子中，砂粒和土壤有机质主要影响优势度指数shannon,土壤含水量和pH主要影响均匀度指数pielou。该区域物种分布状态是由地形和土壤因子共同作用所控制的。在各沙丘苗期动态生命表以及幼苗期存活率曲线可知，白梭梭在幼苗期存活率各沙丘表现不同，但是开始大幅度死亡的时期相差不多。白梭梭幼苗的第一死亡高峰期从4月15日~5月25日，主要死亡的原因是早期幼苗脆弱，抵抗外界环境胁迫的能力弱；幼苗第二死亡高峰期发生在6月15日~8月5日，该阶段导致幼苗大量死亡的原因是土壤水分的供应不足。在植被盖度为10%的半固定沙丘，白梭梭幼苗苗期总死亡率达到74%，该时段的死亡率达到了44.4%；植被盖度为15%的沙丘，死亡率达到80.9%，幼苗苗期的总死亡率为95.5%；在植被盖度为30%的固定沙丘，幼苗苗期死亡率为50%；幼苗第三阶段的死亡主要在10月份以后，由于沙鼠采食，白梭梭幼苗无法越冬，完成一个生长季。总体上，半固定沙丘白梭梭幼苗的数量在早期（4~6月）大于固定沙丘，但是后期（9~10月）存活率小于固定沙丘。通过多元线性回归模型的方法综合分析了不同植被覆盖度下的各沙丘环境因子与白梭梭更新苗数量和植株生长量之间的关系，结果发现：土壤含水量、沙丘的坡度、坡向、坡位是白梭梭更新共同的影响因子，由于不同的微地形下，环境因子产生差异，在条件较好的情况下，白梭梭幼苗的生长状况较好，更新的数量也较多。在沙区，风沙、干旱、虫害对幼苗的危害非常严重，种子的成苗受多种因素的影响，该地区保存下来的幼苗数量极少并且幼树的株数也较少，白梭梭天然更新状况不良。 |
| 英文摘要 | Because of environmental factors and other conditions, the occurrence and growth of Haloxylon persicum seedlings show different effects at different years. By understanding the germination characteristics, seedling growth, and environmental factors of Haloxylon persicum in the Gurbantunggut Desert, it is of great theoretical significance to correlate populations of Haloxylon persicum with environmental factors. It provides scientific basis for the species protection of Haloxylon persicum and supports the stability of the ecosystem in the northern desert. The vertical sag along the SN direction in the Mossel Bay area on the southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert was selected. According to the distribution of vegetation cover, dune A with a total coverage of 10% and sand dune with a coverage of 15% were selected in order B. The sand dunes of the dune C with a coverage of 30% were used as experimental plots. Among them, dune A and dune B communities were mainly semi-fixed sand dunes mainly composed of Haloxylon persicum and a small amount of sand calluses, and the dunes C were mainly dominated by red willows. Haloxylon number accounts for 2%~5% of the overall coverage. The selected plot includes three sand ridges, each with a ridge spacing of about 200 m, and a maximum drop of 8 m between the ridge roof and the ridge. Using a dynamic life table to observe and analyze the seedling survival at seedling stage to understand the effect of environmental factors on the occurrence and growth of Haloxylon persicum seedlings. The results showed that the seedlings of Haloxylon persicum were distributed in the upper part of the windward slope, the top of the slope and the leeward slope of the semi-fixed sand dunes. With the increase of the total coverage of Haloxylon persicum, the number of seedlings also increased. Fixed dunes Due to the lower density of Haloxylon persicum community, the number of seedlings is significantly smaller than that of semi-fixed sand dunes.The environmental factor index and the density of Haloxylon persicum seedlings were tested for significance. The results showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between the content of soil fine sand and the number of Haloxylon persicum seedlings (R2=0.996). The content of soil fine sand was significantly positively correlated with the number of Haloxylon persicum seedlings (R2=0.996), soil pH (R2=0.72) and electrical conductivity (R2=0.58), soil organic matter (R2=0.64), soil N (R2 = 0.80) showed a significant positive correlation. Whether it is a semi-fixed dune or a fixed dune, the common influencing factors for the regeneration of Haloxylon persicum seedlings include slope, aspect, slope position, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and species diversity. the main reason is that the slope, the aspect of the improvement of local soil moisture, light and nutrients, under better conditions, the growth condition of Haloxylon persicum seedlings is better, and the number of renewal is also more.Model for sorting (CCA) manner between the corresponding analysis of the plots, environmental factors and species abundance area, understanding species diversity with the dialogue from the Seedling Growth results showed: there is a significant correlation between species and environmental factors. Soil particle size is a relatively sensitive indicator factor that affects species distribution. Species are widely distributed on the ordination axis of soil sand. Species similar to the growth site of Haloxylon persicum include P. apoides, Helicoptera, Heliotrope, Sanmai grass, and Tadpole. These species compete with H. amurensis for water, nutrients, etc. In the topographic factors, the slope direction mainly affects the species richness index simpson; in the soil physicochemical factors, sand and soil organic matter mainly affect the dominance index shannon, and the soil moisture and pH mainly affect the evenness index pielou. The regional distribution of species by interaction terrain and soil factors controlled. It can be seen in the seedling stage dune dynamic life table and seedling survival curves, different persicum at the seedling stage the survival rate of each dune performance, but the beginning of a significant period of almost the same death, The first death peak of Haloxylon seedlings from April 15-May 25, The main cause of death is early seedling fragile, resistance to external environmental stress weak. The second peak of the inadequate supply of seedling death occurred in June 15 - August 5, at this stage the cause of death of a large number of seedlings is soil moisture. In the semi-fixed dunes vegetation coverage of 10%, the total seedling mortality 74% white the Seedling mortality this period reached 44.4%. For sand dunes with a vegetation cover of 15%, the mortality rate is 80.9%, and the total mortality of seedlings during seedling stage is 95.5%. In a fixed sand dune with a 30% coverage of vegetation, the seedling mortality rate is 50%. The third stage of the seedling’s death was mainly after October. Due to the gerbil feeding, the Haloxylon persicum seedlings could not overwinter and complete a growing season.The multiple linear regression model was used to comprehensively analyze the relationship between the environmental factors of each dune under different vegetation coverage and the number of regeneration seedlings and the growth of Haloxylon persicum, and found that soil moisture content, slope, slope direction and slope position of sand dunes are the common influencing factors for the regeneration of Haloxylon persicum. Since different microtopography, a difference in environmental factors, in good conditions, preferably white from the Seedling growth conditions, the number of updates is greater. In Sand, sand, drought, pests are very serious damage to seedlings, seedling seed is affected by many factors, the number of surviving seedlings and saplings of very few in the region fewer number of trees, natural regeneration persicum. |
| 中文关键词 | “白梭梭幼苗” ; “环境因子” ; “立地条件” ; “存活率” ; “莫索湾” |
| 英文关键词 | Haloxylon persicum seedlings environmental factors site conditions survival rate Mosse |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 水土保持与荒漠化防治 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288186 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李亚萍. 莫索湾地区白梭梭幼苗的发生和生长与环境因子 的关系[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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