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The present study investigated possible correlations between fluctuations of air temperature and precipitation from 1945 to 2008 and the variability of hydrological processes due to climate changes from 1945 to 2010 in the Talas River Basin, Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia. Features and trend variations of annual average runoff precipitation and temperature at the Talas River were analyzed by applying the Mann-Kendall test method using meteorological and hydrological data gleaned from the Talas River Basin. We found a strong relationship between air temperature, precipitation, and stream-flow. The obtained results in this investigation showed that air temperature had significantly increased by 1.8 degrees C. Although precipitation in the upper portion of the basin was not significantly changed during the observed time, precipitation in the lower portion slightly decreased. Furthermore, Talas River runoff trends exhibited an upward tendency over the past several decades. Increases in air temperature and precipitation led to increasing river runoff volume across the entire river. In addition, with rising air temperatures, the intensity of glacial melting increased, leading to increased runoff volume into the Talas River. The results of this study showed that the hydrological processes of the Talas River Basin in Central Asia are highly sensitive to climate variability and changes, and that this sensitivity will likely become more pronounced in the future.